Abundance: 0.09 to 48.77% (median 4.44%)

Latitudinal range: 29.2° to 43.1°

Habitats: (28), Mediterranean woodland (3), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (3)

Found in 34 samples

Greece: Lake Prespa National Park, Milia (MIL5) (Late Pliocene), Halmyropotamos (Late Miocene)

Iran: Ilam, Wezmeh Cave (Late Pleistocene), Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (West Mound) (Holocene), Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (East Mound) (Holocene), Qasr-e Ahmad (Holocene)

Israel: Qesem Cave (Concentration 1) (Middle Pleistocene), Qesem Cave (Concentration 2) (Middle Pleistocene), Manot Cave (Area D, Biogenic Unit) (Late Pleistocene), Motza (Early PPNB) (Holocene), Motza (Middle PPNB) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (Late PPNB) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (PPNC) (Holocene), Tel Ro'im West (PN) (Holocene), Yiftah'el (Holocene), Marj Rabba (Holocene), El-Wad Cave (Early Natufian) (Late Pleistocene), El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian) (Late Pleistocene), Qesem Cave Hearth unit (Middle Pleistocene), Qesem Cave LSBS (Middle Pleistocene), Ein Gev I (Late Pleistocene)

Italy: Poggi di Prata, Capalbiaccio (Building J, Level III) (Holocene)

Jordan: Dibbeen Nature Reserve

Lebanon: Moghr el-Ahwal Cave 3 (Phases F & E) (Late Pleistocene)

Montenegro: Great Ulcinj Beach

Morocco: Ifri El Baroud (Unit B2) (Late Pleistocene)

Portugal: Gruta de Figueira Brava (Area C) (Late Pleistocene)

Spain: Bolomor Cave (Level XI) (Middle Pleistocene), Bolomor Cave (Level IV) (Middle Pleistocene)

Turkey: Madran Mountain, Direkli Cave (Holocene)

See also Testudo brevitesta, Testudo graeca, Testudo hermanni, Testudo marmorum, Testudo sp.